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(Raphanus sativus 'White Spear Sprouting')

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White Spear Sprouting Radish is a heirloom, hardy, cool weather biennial vegetable that is native to Japan, but can be commonly found growing in gardens throughout the United States. At maturity, this plant reaches the height of 9” and features large white globes that are mildly pungent. This plant can be grown in a container, tolerates light frost, is rabbit safe, repels beetles and carrot fly, can be used as a trap crop for Japanese Beetles, and is both edible and medicinal!
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  • General Information
  • Soil Preparation
  • Start Outdoors
  • Crop Care
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Family: Brassicaceae

Genus: Raphanus 
​
Species: sativus​

Variety: White Spear Sprouting Radish
​
Ease of Growing: Easy

Grown as: Annual

Days to Maturity: 60 days

Hardiness: Very hardy.

Crops: Spring, Summer, Fall

Growing Season: Short, Long

Growing Conditions: Cold, Cool, Warm. Radishes are most easily grown in spring and fall, as they prefer short days (up to 12 hours long) and cool weather. Temperatures much above 70 degrees F cause them to be very pungent.

Outdoor Growing Temp: 45°F - 85°F

Min Outdoor Soil Temp: 45°F. Don’t plant your first spring Radishes until the soil temperature reaches at least 45˚ F, which may be around the last frost date. If you warm the soil up with black plastic or cloches, you could get them going a month earlier than this (they are quite frost tolerant). 

Start Indoors: No

Start Outdoors: Yes

Light: Sun: min. 6 hours daily (Cold, Cool). In cool weather Radishes are grown in full sun.

Water: Moderate. Radishes must have a steady supply of water for best quality, so keep the soil evenly moist at all times. Too little water can result in woodiness and excessive pungency (such roots are pithy and have marked growth rings). Too much water may encourage top growth at the expense of the roots.

Feeder: Moderate. Low nitrogen. Moderate potassium. Moderate phosphorus. Radishes don't need a lot of nitrogen (don't give them fresh manure), but they do like potassium and phosphorus.

Suitability: Tolerates light frost, Needs summer shade.

Small Gardens?: Yes

Containers?: Yes. Radishes can grow easily in an assortment of containers. Grow and thin as you would in a ground garden. Just make sure that your container has a depth of at least 6". Use a pot with good drainage and fill with a mixture of potting soil and compost. Water thoroughly and place in direct overhead sunlight. Radishes need lots of water and sunshine, but they need partial shade in really hot climates.

Attracts beneficial insects?: No

Forage: Rabbits. Greens only. Limited amounts, can cause gas!
​
Plant Height: 6-12"

Sow Depth: 1/2-1 1/2"

Spacing: 4"-6"

Hardiness Zone: 1-11

Produces: 9" large white globes that are mildly pungent.
Soil Preference:
Soil pH: 
5.5-6.8, Ideal 6.0-6.3. Radish roots don't go very deep so the ideal soil is loose and well drained, such as a sandy loam. It should also be slightly acidic.

Soil Preparation:
Standard Mix, 5 pounds per 100 sq. ft., in top 8" of soil, 1 time: 
Amend soil with Standard Mix when adding compost. This is a mix of various amendments intended to supply all of the nutrients plants may require. It is usually incorporated into the soil prior to planting. The mix consists of:
​
  • 4 parts cottonseed meal (this is high in nitrogen and relatively inexpensive)
  • 2 parts colloidal phosphate or bone meal (for phosphorus)
  • 2 parts wood ash or 3 parts greensand or granite dust (for potassium)
  • 1 part dolomitic limestone (to balance pH and add calcium and magnesium)
  • 1 part kelp meal (for trace elements)

Mix these together thoroughly. You can do this all at once, or you can store them separately and mix as needed. 

Compost (Nitrogen), 2", in top 8" of soil, 1 time: Soil should have 2˝ of organic matter (compost or aged manure) added and should be cultivated deeply to loosen it.

In very poor soil you can dig a trench and fill it with a mix made from compost, sand and soil. 
​​​
When Cold, Cool, Warm: Radishes are most easily grown in spring and fall, as they prefer short days (up to 12 hours long) and cool weather. Temperatures much above 70 degrees F cause them to be very pungent.

When outdoor temp: 45°F to 85°F, optimal temp 60°F to 65°F

When min soil temp: 45°F. Don’t plant your first spring Radishes until the soil temperature reaches at least 45˚ F, which may be around the last frost date. If you warm the soil up with black plastic or cloches, you could get them going a month earlier than this (they are quite frost tolerant). 

Seed Depth: 0.5"-1.5". Plant 1/2" deep in cold soil and up to 1 1/2" deep in warm soil. The deeper planting may also give you slightly larger roots, especially if you give them a slightly wider spacing.

Spacing: 4.0"-6.0", 9 plants per sq ft. Spacing is critical when growing radishes. If they are overcrowded they won't produce good roots. Thinning is recommended if plants seem overcrowded.

Spring Crop:
0-4 weeks before last frost date: 
Plant in the early spring when days are still short.

1. Make shallow (1/2˝ to 1 1/2˝) furrows
2. Sow the seeds 1/2" to 1" apart. Bigger seed may also result in larger roots.

Sow directly outdoors, as it germinates easily in cold soil and the plants grow rapidly.
1. Make shallow (1/2˝ to 1 1/2˝) furrows
2. Sow the seeds 1/2" to 1" apart. Bigger seed may also result in larger roots.

If you warm the soil up with black plastic or cloches, you could get them going a month earlier than this (they are quite frost tolerant).

Summer Crop:
0-16 weeks after last frost date:
 Plant where summers are cool. The plants will benefit from light shade if the weather conditions are warm.

1. Make shallow (1/2˝ to 1 1/2˝) furrows
2. Sow the seeds 1/2" to 1" apart. Bigger seed may also result in larger roots.

Fall Crop:
2-12 weeks before first frost date:
 Sow directly outdoors, as it germinates easily in cold soil and the plants grow rapidly.

1. Make shallow (1/2˝ to 1 1/2˝) furrows
2. Sow the seeds 1/2" to 1" apart. Bigger seed may also result in larger roots.

Support: No
Radishes are pretty easy so long as you give them basic care, weeding, thinning, and watering.

Water Needs: Moderate. Radishes must have a steady supply of water for best quality, so keep the soil evenly moist at all times. Too little water can result in woodiness and excessive pungency (such roots are pithy and have marked growth rings). Too much water may encourage top growth at the expense of the roots.

Fertilizer Needs: Moderate. Low nitrogen. Moderate potassium. Moderate phosphorus. Radishes don't need a lot of nitrogen (don't give them fresh manure), but they do like potassium and phosphorus.

Watering, regularly: Water, 0.5 inch, regularly, 2 times a week. It is important to keep the soil evenly moist for best quality roots. Watering also depends on your local weather; don't water if it's raining, or water more frequently if it's dry. Just be sure to keep soil moist for the best crop. The best way to know how much moisture is in your soil is to feel 2" below the soil line. If it's dry, water.

Weeding, regularly: regularly, every 2 weeks. These small plants don’t compete with weeds very well and won't produce good roots if they are crowded. Keep them well weeded. The best way to weed Radishes is by hand. Don’t use a hoe too near the plants as you can easily damage the shoulders of the roots.

Thinning, after sowing: 2" apart, after sowing, 1 time. Proper thinning is absolutely vital if you are going to grow good Radishes. If the plants are crowded they won’t produce useful roots. When all the seeds have germinated they should be thinned to 1 - 2" apart.

Support: No

Harvesting

Ripening: Check to see if a root is ready for harvest with a little careful digging. Remove dirt around root and check diameter.

Storage

Radishes are a quick crop that is usually eaten fresh. The roots will keep for several weeks in a plastic bag in the fridge.

Storage Req: Refrigerator 
Storage Temp: 35-40°F 

Storage Length: 1-14 days
Radishes are insect pollinated and will cross with any other variety, so you should grow only one variety at a time (or you could isolate them). They will also cross with Wild Radishes. They could be isolated by caging. Save seed from at least a half dozen plants to maintain some genetic diversity. Gather the ripe seeds from the pods and dry thoroughly.

Seed Viability in Years: 4 - 5 Years
Germination Percentage:
 75%

Culinary

Taste: Sweet and very crisp.

Culinary Use: The roots are generally used raw in salads and sandwiches. They can also be cooked in soups, braised, or pickled. You can grate some together with dried red chili to make a condiment that's called momiji-oroshi for use it on white fish.

Medicinal

Radishes have long been grown as a food crop, but they also have various medicinal actions. The roots stimulate the appetite and digestion, having a tonic and laxative effect upon the intestines and indirectly stimulating the flow of bile. Consuming radish generally results in improved digestion, but some people are sensitive to its acridity and robust action. The plant is used in the treatment of intestinal parasites, though the part of the plant used is not specified. The leaves, seeds and old roots are used in the treatment of asthma and other chest complaints. The juice of the fresh leaves is diuretic and laxative. The seed is carminative, diuretic, expectorant, laxative and stomachic. It is taken internally in the treatment of indigestion, abdominal bloating, wind, acid regurgitation, diarrhea and bronchitis. The root is anti-scorbutic, antispasmodic, astringent, cholagogue, digestive and diuretic. It is crushed and used as a poultice for burns, bruises and smelly feet. Radishes are also an excellent food remedy for stone, gravel and scorbutic conditions. The root is best harvested before the plant flowers. Its use is not recommended if the stomach or intestines are inflamed. The plant contains raphanin, which is antibacterial and anti-fungal. It inhibits the growth of Staphylococcus aureus, E. coli, streptococci, Pneumococci etc. The plant also shows anti-tumor activity.
Source
Project Purity Seeds can not take any responsibility for any adverse effects from the use of plants. Always seek advice from a professional before using a plant medicinally.

Companion Planting

Allies: Some companion gardeners are convinced that radishes grown with peas and lettuce are more tender. Radishes are also said to thrive with beans, carrots, kohlrabi, parsnips, and onions. ​Nasturtiums and mustard are supposed to protect radishes from flea beetles. Radishes are reputed to repel striped cucumber beetles from cucumbers and prevent borers in squash and melons. Chervil makes radishes hot.

Enemies: Some gardeners believe that radishes are harmful to grapevines. Hyssop is said to have a negative effect on radishes.

Problems

Flea beetles can be a problem as well as other pests typically found on Brassicaceae crops. Floating row covers can be very useful.

Flea Beetles

Flea beetles can be a problem as well as other pests typically found on Brassicaceae crops. Floating row covers can be very useful.
​​​​Braconid Wasps: Prey on Tobacco Hornworm, Tomato Hornworm, Caterpillars, Aphids, Flea Beetles, and Mexican Bean Beetles.

To attract Braconid Wasps to your garden you will need to grow: Fern-leaf Yarrow, Common Yarrow, Dill, Lemon Balm, and Parsley.


Tachinid Flies: Preys on Gypsy Moths, Flea Beetles, Japanese Beetles, Mexican Bean Beetles, Cutworms, and Squash Bugs.

To attract Tachinid Flies to your garden you will need to grow: Carrots, Dill, Coriander, Lacy Phacelia, and Buckwheat.

Green Lacewings: Preys on Aphids, Flea beetles, Whitefly, Leafhopper, Mealybugs, and Caterpillars of pest moths.

To attract Green Lacewings to your garden you will need to grow: Dill, Angelica, Golden Marguerite, Coriander, Purple Poppy Mallow, and Dandelion.


Damsel Bugs: Preys on Caterpillars, Mites, Aphids, Flea beetles, Potato beetles, and Cabbage worms.

To attract Damsel Bugs to your garden you will need to grow: Caraway (Carum carvi), Cosmos “white sensation” (Cosmos bipinnatus), Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare), Alfalfa (Medicago sativa), Spearmint (Mentha spicata), Peter Pan Goldenrod (Solidago virgaurea), and Marigold “lemon gem” (Tagetes tenuifolia).


Big-eyed Bugs: Preys on Aphids, small Caterpillars and Caterpillar eggs, Flea beetles, Fleahoppers, Lygus bugs, Mites, Thrips, Whiteflies. 

To attract Big-Eyed Bugs to your garden you will need to grow: Caraway (Carum carvi), Cosmos “white sensation” (Cosmos bipinnatus), Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare), Alfalfa (Medicago sativa), Spearmint (Mentha spicata), Peter Pan Goldenrod (Solidago virgaurea), and Marigold “lemon gem” (Tagetes tenuifolia).

Nutrition

The root is fairly rich in vitamin C.

The Health Benefits of Radish Greens

Skin Care: A number of studies have found that radish greens have quite an impressive antioxidant capacity, meaning that they can fight against oxidative stress and chronic diseases in the body. Having enough antioxidants in your diet will help keep your skin looking young, soothe inflammatory conditions affecting the body’s largest organ, and even reduce the appearance of skin blemishes and scars.

Aid in Digestion: There is a high amount of dietary fiber found in radish greens, meaning that this vegetable can help keep your bowels regular. By eliminating symptoms of constipation and stimulating peristaltic motion, radish leaves can prevent a number of gastrointestinal problems, improve nutrient uptake efficiency, and even strengthen the immune response of the gut.

Lower Cholesterol: The high level of potassium, iron, vitamin C, and dietary fiber found in radish greens can help strengthen the heart in many ways, from lowering blood pressure and improving circulation to healing and repairing damaged blood vessels and arteries. By lowering overall cholesterol levels, you also reduce your risk of atherosclerosis, heart attack, and stroke.

Boost Immunity: Radish greens possess far more vitamin C per serving than the root vegetable on which they grow. These leaves are excellent ways to boost your immune health and keep your body free of infections and other foreign agents.

Improve Liver Health: Radish greens are known to detoxify the body by stimulating urination and improving liver function. By helping the body more effectively filter toxins from the blood, these leaves will further relieve unnecessary stress on the immune system.

Regulate Blood Sugar: One of the best parts of a high-fiber diet is the impact it can have on your blood sugar levels. Fiber is able to regulate the release of insulin and glucose in the body, which is important for diabetic patients who suffer from regular spikes and drops in their blood sugar levels.

Weight Loss: Radish leaves are low in calories, but high in fiber and are packed with nutrients. This means that a salad of these greens will help you feel full, thus reducing your tendency to snack between meals and overeat. In fact, eating an entire salad of these leaves wouldn’t make a major dent in your caloric intake for the day.
Source

The Health Benefits of Radish seeds

Skin Care: The healthy amount of B vitamins and vitamin C, as well as various minerals and antioxidants, helps to improve the health of the skin by reducing oxidative stress. This can also relieve dry and cracked skin and lessen the appearance of lines and wrinkles, as well as age spots and blemishes.

Lower Blood Pressure: Certain flavonoids found in radish seeds are able to protect your cardiovascular system from coronary heart disease and can lower your blood pressure. This further reduces your risk of high blood pressure, heart attack, and stroke.

Improve Bone Health: One of the most notable minerals found in radish seeds is calcium, which is a key component in bone health and the prevention of osteoporosis. There are also lesser amounts of other critical minerals for improving bone mineral density found in these seeds, such as phosphorous, manganese and copper.

Treat Kidney Stones: For centuries, radish seeds have been prescribed as a traditional remedy for kidney stones, thanks to their diuretic properties. This can help to break down clumps of oxalic acid and other hardened stones in the kidney, while regularly flushing the kidneys and detoxifying them.

Protect Liver Health: Similar to these seeds’ effects on the kidney, they can also stimulate the function of the liver and reduce the levels of toxins in your blood. However, as more toxins are filtered through the liver, it becomes less efficient. Research has shown that the active ingredients in radish seeds can help to clear out the “blockage” in the liver filter and improve overall health and metabolic functions.

Aid in Digestion: Like most seeds, radish seeds are high in dietary fiber, which is one of the most important components for digestive processes. Not only can fiber bulk up the stool, thus preventing diarrhea, it can also stimulate peristaltic motion, which moves food through the gut smoothly, keeping you regular. Finally, dietary fiber can also lower cholesterol levels and regulate blood sugar.

Prevents Cancer: One of the most exciting developments in the study of radish seeds is their connection to preventing certain types of cancer. Rich in flavonoids and other polyphenolic antioxidants, radish seeds are able to help the body seek out and neutralize free radicals, the natural by-product of cellular metabolism. This ability to slow down oxidative stress and prevent cellular mutation is aided by the presence of folic acid and vitamin C, which can have similar antioxidant effects on the body.
Source
​The growing plant repels beetles from tomatoes and cucumbers. It is also useful for repelling various other insect pests such as carrot root fly. There is a fodder variety that grows more vigorously and is used as a green manure.

Suggested Varieties

(Angelica atropurpurea ‘American')

American Angelica is a native perennial herb that can be commonly found growing in swampy areas and along rivers and streams throughout the northeastern United States. At maturity, this plant reaches the height of 3-10' and features dark purple stems, green oval, toothed, compound leaves, and large compound umbels of greenish-white to white flowers. This plant attracts bees, butterflies, lacewings, ladybugs, and parasitic wasps, tolerates deer, and is also both edible and medicinal!

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(Melissa officinalis ‘Lemon Balm’)

Lemon Balm is perennial herb that is native to the Southern Europe but can be commonly found growing throughout the northwestern, south central, and eastern United States. At maturity, this plant reaches the height of 2' and features 3” oval, medium green, wrinkled, lemon scented leaves, and tiny white flowers that have two lips. This plant can be grown in a container, attracts bees, birds, butterflies, hoverflies, parasitic wasps, and tachinid flies, repels ants and flies, is resistant to deer, tolerates drought, is used to make essential oils and potpourri, self sows, and is also both edible and medicinal!

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(Carum carvi ‘Caraway')

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(Daucus carota 'Chantenay Red Cored')

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(Daucus carota 'Cosmic Purple')

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(Daucus carota 'Danvers')

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(Daucus carota 'Rainbow Blend')

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(Daucus carota 'Scarlet Nantes')

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(Daucus carota 'Tendersweet')

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(Coriandrum sativum ‘Leisure')

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(Anethum graveolens ‘Dukat')

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(Mentha spicata ‘Spear’)

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