(Valeriana locusta 'Dutch')
Dutch Corn Salad is a heirloom, hardy, cool weather annual leafy vegetable that is native to Europe, but can be commonly found growing throughout the eastern and western United States. At maturity, this plant reaches the height of 16” and features 3-4" dark green color, and soft textured salad greens. This plant can be grown in a container, is rabbit safe, provides forage to livestock, is frost tolerant, and is edible!
Genus: Valeriana
Species: locusta
Variety: Corn Salad
Also Known As: Lamb's Lettuce, Lamb's Lettuce, Nut Lettuce, Field Salad, Rapunzel, Mache, and Doucette.
Native to: Albania, Algeria, Austria, Baltic States, Belarus, Belgium, Bulgaria, Central European Rus, Corse, Czechoslovakia, Denmark, East Aegean Is., East European Russia, Finland, France, Germany, Great Britain, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Krym, Morocco, Netherlands, North Caucasus, Northwest European R, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Sardegna, Sicilia, South European Russi, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Transcaucasus, Turkey, Turkey-in-Europe, Ukraine, Yugoslavia.
Introduced into: Alabama, Argentina Northeast, Argentina South, Arkansas, Bermuda, Bolivia, British Columbia, California, Canary Is., Chile Central, Chile South, China Southeast, Connecticut, Delaware, District of Columbia, Falkland Is., Georgia, Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky, Korea, Madeira, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Mississippi, Missouri, Montana, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, Ohio, Ontario, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Réunion, South Carolina, Tennessee, Utah, Vermont, Virginia, Washington, West Virginia.
Ease of Growing: Moderate
Grown as: Annual
Days to Maturity: 50 (Spring/Summer), 90-100 (Fall/Winter)
Hardiness: Hardy. Corn Salad is exceptionally hardy and tolerates frost.
Crops: Spring, Fall
Growing Season: Long. Corn Salad needs a good supply of moisture and regular weeding. It does best in cooler climates.
Growing Conditions: Cold, Cool
Outdoor Growing Temp: 40°F - 65°F
Min Outdoor Soil Temp: 45°F. Corn Salad actually prefers cool weather, but germination can be slow (be patient).
Start Indoors: No
Start Outdoors: Yes
Light: Full Sun, min. 6 hours daily (Cool). In cool weather the plants will need full sun for most rapid growth.
Water: High. These fast-growing plants must have all of the water they need for rapid growth. It is important that the soil is kept moist at all times.
Feeder: Light. These greens grow quickly and for best growth and flavor they should have all of the nutrients readily available, which means the soil needs to be fairly fertile. Their main requirement is for nitrogen, but they also need moderate amounts of potassium and phosphorus.
Suitability: Tolerates light frost
Small Gardens?: Yes
Containers?: Yes. Corn Sald is very well suited for container growing. Choose a container that has a minimum depth of 4". Make sure that your container has at least one drainage hole. Fill with a mixture of potting soil and compost and water thoroughly. Place in full sun. Make sure to keep the soil consistently moist.
Attracts beneficial insects?: No
Maintenance: Low
Plant Height: 16"
Spacing: 1" apart, in rows 8-10" apart.
Sow Depth: 1/2"
Produces: 3-4" dark green color, and soft textured salad greens.
Hardiness Zone: 3-12
Suggested Use: Use fresh in salads.
Soil pH: 6.0-7.0, Ideal 6.3-6.5. The soil is called upon to produce a lot of foliage in a short time, so it should be fertile, moisture retentive and well drained.
Soil Preparation:
Additional fertilizer in the form of standard mix should be incorporated along with the compost, to supply additional nitrogen, potassium, phosphorus and other nutrients.
Prepare the soil by adding 2˝ of compost or aged manure. This does not need to be dug in very deeply, as most types have quite shallow-roots (most of the roots will be concentrated in the top 4˝ to 8˝ of soil).
For very early crops you might want to prepare the soil the previous fall.
When outdoor temp: 40°F to 65°F, optimal temp 50°F to 60°F
When min soil temp: 45°F. Corn salad actually prefers cool weather, but germination can be slow (be patient).
Seed Depth: 1/4"-1/2". Plant the seed 1/4 to 1/2" deep.
Spacing: 2-3", 16 plants per sq ft.
Spring Crop:
4-6 weeks before last frost date. In cool climates Corn salad is often grown as a spring crop (it is the first crop to go in the ground in spring). However it tends to bolt as soon as the weather gets warm.
Fall Crop:
10-12 weeks before first frost date. Corn salad prefers to grow in cool weather and really does best when planted in early fall, to grow through the winter. In the coldest climates it can be grown in a cold frame or under row covers. However you have to be careful it doesn't get too warm or this may cause it to bolt.
Corn salad is sometimes sown in fall for a spring crop.
Support: No
Water Needs: High. These fast-growing plants must have all of the water they need for rapid growth. It is important that the soil is kept moist at all times.
Fertilizer Needs: Light. These greens grow quickly and for best growth and flavor they should have all of the nutrients readily available, which means the soil needs to be fairly fertile. Their main requirement is for nitrogen, but they also need moderate amounts of potassium and phosphorus.
Watering, regularly: Keep the soil evenly moist at all times. These greens are delicate and do not like to dry out. Good watering practices can help offset the negative effects of summer heat, so it is important to keep the soil constantly moist. In hot weather this may mean watering every day.
Watering also depends on your local weather; don't water if it's raining, or water more frequently if it's dry. Just be sure to keep soil moist for the best crop. The best way to know how much moisture is in your soil is to feel 2" below the soil line. If it's dry, water.
Side Dressing, regularly: If your soil is not as rich as it could be, or if the soil is cool, give the plants a feed of compost tea or liquid kelp every 3 weeks or so.
Thinning, when 4" tall: You can plant these greens closer together than the variety requirements and then thin them out as they grow (eat the thinnings).
Support: No
Harvesting
Mature plants form a rosette of leaves that measures 3 to 5 inches across.
Storage
Storage Req: Refrigerator
Storage Temp: 35-40°F
Storage Length: 1-5 days
Seed Viability in Years: 2 - 5 Years
Germination Percentage: 80%
Sweet, mild and slightly nutty.
Culinary Use:
A nutty flavored, tender, delicate green leaf makes a wonderful addition to a salad or it can be the main ingredient in a salad.
Edible parts of Corn Salad:
Young leaves: raw. A very mild flavor, with a delicate quality that makes them seem to melt in the mouth, they can be added in quantity to salads. The leaves can be available all year round from successional sowings and will only require protection in the colder winters.
Flowers and flowering stems: raw.
Companion Planting
Problems
Suggested Varieties
(Brassica oleracea 'Early Jersey Wakefield')
Early Jersey Wakefield Cabbage is a heirloom, hardy, cool weather annual vegetable that is native to England, but was first grown in the United States in 1840 by Francis Brill of Jersey City. At maturity, this plant reaches the height of 12-18” and features dark-green, conical heads averaging 5" in diameter and weighing 2 to 3 lbs. This plant can be grown in a container, attracts earwigs, is rabbits safe (in moderation), can be used as a trap crop for aphids, tolerates frost, and is edible.
(Brassica oleracea 'Late Flat Dutch')
Late Flat Dutch Cabbage is a heirloom, hardy, cool weather annual vegetable that is native to the Netherlands, but was first offered in the United States by D. M. Ferry & Company in 1924. At maturity, this plant reaches the height of 18-24” and features blue-green flat 12” heads that weigh up to 15 pounds. This plant can be grown in a container, attracts earwigs, is rabbit safe, can be used as a trap crop for aphids, tolerates frost, and is edible.
(Brassica oleracea 'Red Acre')
Red Acre Cabbage is a heirloom, hardy, cool weather annual vegetable that is native to southern Europe, but is commonly grown in the northern United States. At maturity, this plant reaches the height of 12-18” and features reddish purple round heads that weight up to 3 pounds. This plant can be grown in a container, attracts earwigs, is rabbit safe, can be used as a trap crop for aphids, tolerates frost, and is edible.
(Brassica rapa 'Pak Choi')
Pak Choi Chinese Cabbage is a heirloom, hardy, cool weather annual vegetable that is native to southern China, but has been commercially grown in the United States for more than 100 years. At maturity, this plant reaches the height of 6-18” and features a head of smooth, dark green leaves with thick white stalks. This plant can be grown in a container, attracts earwigs, is rabbit safe, can be used as a trap crop for aphids, tolerates frost, and is edible.
(Daucus carota 'Chantenay Red Cored')
Chantenay Red Cored Carrot is a heirloom, hardy, cool weather annual vegetable that is native to France, but is commonly grown across the United States. At maturity, this plant reaches the height of 12-18” and features a 7" long, orange, nearly coreless carrots. This plant can be grown in a container, attracts earwigs and tachinid flies, is rabbit safe, tolerates light frost, is used to flavor perfumes and make alcohol, and is both edible and medicinal.
(Daucus carota 'Cosmic Purple')
Cosmic Purple Carrot is a hardy, cool weather annual vegetable that is native to Wisconsin, where it was developed in Madison by Dr. Philipp in 2005. At maturity, this plant reaches the height of 6-12” and features 7" purple skinned carrots with orange and yellow flesh. This plant can be grown in a container, attracts earwigs and tachinid flies, is rabbit safe, tolerates light frost, is used to flavor perfumes and make alcohol, and is both edible and medicinal.
(Daucus carota 'Danvers')
Danvers Carrot is a heirloom, hardy, cool weather annual vegetable that is native to Massachusetts, where it was developed in Danvers and was first marketed by Burpee Seed Co. in 1886. At maturity, this plant reaches the height of 12-18” and features a 7" long, nearly coreless orange carrot. This plant can be grown in a container, attracts earwigs and tachinid flies, is rabbit safe, tolerates light frost, is used to flavor perfumes and make alcohol, and is both edible and medicinal.
(Daucus carota 'Lunar White')
Lunar White Carrot is a hardy, cool weather annual vegetable that is native to Europe, but is commonly grown across the United States. At maturity, this plant reaches the height of 16” and features a 6-8" long, white, nearly coreless carrots. This plant can be grown in a container, attracts earwigs and tachinid flies, is rabbit safe, tolerates light frost, is used to flavor perfumes and make alcohol, and is both edible and medicinal.
(Daucus carota 'Rainbow Blend')
Rainbow Blend Carrot is a heirloom seed mix consisting of Cosmic Purple, Atomic Red, Lunar White, and Solar Yellow Carrots which are hardy, cool weather annual vegetables that are grown in the United States. These carrots can be grown in a container, attracts earwigs and tachinid flies, is rabbit safe, tolerates light frost, is used to flavor perfumes and make alcohol, and is both edible and medicinal.
(Daucus carota 'Scarlet Nantes')
Scarlet Nantes Carrot is a heirloom, hardy, cool weather annual vegetable that is native to France, but are commonly grown across the United States. At maturity, this plant reaches the height of 16” and features a 7" long, bright red-orange, fine-grained fleshed carrot. These carrots can be grown in a container, attracts earwigs and tachinid flies, is rabbit safe, tolerates light frost, is used to flavor perfumes and make alcohol, and is both edible and medicinal.
(Daucus carota 'Tendersweet')
Tendersweet Carrot is a heirloom, hardy, cool weather annual vegetable that is native to Europe, but are commonly grown across the United States. At maturity, this plant reaches the height of 6-18” and features a 9-10" coreless, deep orange carrots. These carrots can be grown in a container, attracts earwigs and tachinid flies, is rabbit safe, tolerates light frost, is used to flavor perfumes and make alcohol, and is both edible and medicinal.
(Allium ampeloprasum Giant Musselburg')
Giant Musselburg Leeks is a heirloom, hardy, cool weather biennial vegetable that is native to the Mediterranean region, but can be found growing in gardens throughout the United States. At maturity, this plant reaches the height of 12-18” and features a 9-15" white stems that are 2-3” in diameter. This plant can be grown in a container, repels carrot fly, moles, and moths, tolerates frost, and is both edible and medicinal!